About N topology
These shortcomings, the industry later invented the star topology. (b) The star topology has a central control point. Devices connected to a LAN communicate with each other through point-to-point connections with hubs or switches. This structure is easy to design and install, allowing a network medium to be connected directly from a central hub or switch to the area where the workstation is located. It is also easy to maintain, and the layout pattern of its network medium makes it easy to modify the network, and to diagnose problems that occur. Therefore, star topology is widely used in LAN construction. However, this structure also inevitably has disadvantages: once the device located at the central control point fails, it is prone to a single point of failure; the network medium can only be connected to one device per segment of the network, so the need for a large number of network mediums drives up the installation costs correspondingly. (c) The tree topology is a logical extension of the bus topology. In this structure, the host is connected hierarchically, not to form a closed loop structure. This structure starts with a leading terminal, and can then have multiple branching points, each of which can spawn more branches, resulting in a complex tree-like topology. (d) The ring topology is a closed ring network, connecting each node through an end-to-end communication line. Each device can only communicate directly with one or two nodes adjacent to it. If you need to communicate with other nodes, the information must pass through each device in between in turn. The ring network supports both unidirectional and bidirectional transmission. Bidirectional transmission is the transmission of data in two directions, where the device can directly communicate with two adjacent nodes. The advantages of the ring topology include: simple structure, assigning equal status to all workstations in the system; easy networking, where only simple connection operations are required for node addition and deletion; and real-time control of data transmission, enabling prediction of network performance. The disadvantage is that in a single-ring topology, the failure of any one node will break the normal connection of all the nodes in the ring. Therefore, in practical application, multi-ring structure is generally adopted, so that in case of a single point of failure, a new ring can be formed to ensure the normal operation of the whole structure. Another disadvantage lies in that when one node sends data to another, all nodes between them are invoked to participate in the transmission, thus spending more time forwarding data than in a bus topology. (e) Mesh topology, also known as full mesh topology, means that any two nodes conducting intercommunication are directly connected through a transmission line. So evidently, this is an extremely safe and reliable solution. The unnecessity for nodes to compete on a common line significantly simplifies communication, so that the intercommunication between any two devices does not involve any other devices. However, a full mesh topology with N nodes requires N(N-1)/2 connections, which makes
Key features of the N topology that are enabled through these drivers include:
- general topology - $ mathbb{R}P^n$ is an $n$-manifold: how to
- at.algebraic topology - Notions of degree for maps $S^n to S^n
- general topology - The $n$-disk $D^n$ quotiented by its boundary $S^{n
- Is $SO(n)$ a topological space? - Mathematics Stack Exchange
- algebraic topology - Definition of n-cell and cell complex
- On new structure of N -topology - Taylor Francis Online
- On new structure of N-topology - Taylor Francis Online
Connection being routed, must go to. Note that color morphing is only applied to connections that travel from one layer to another, if the connection starts and ends on the same layer it retains the assigned net color. To use the layer color feature, enable the Use Layer Colors for Connection Drawing option in the View Options tab of the View Configurations panel, as shown below. Connection lines can be displayed using their start-and-end layer colors. In the image on the right, a number of nets have had routing segments removed to show how the connection lines display.Displaying Connection Lines in Single Layer ModeA multi-layer board is visually dense, making it difficult to interpret what is going on. To help with this, you can easily switch the layer display from the enabled layers to Single Layer mode, by pressing the Shift+S shortcut.Normally, when you do this, all connection lines that do not either start or end on the current layer are also hidden, as it is assumed that they are not relevant. To always display the connection lines, enable the All Connections in Single Layer Mode option in the View Options tab of the View Configurations panel, as shown below. Control the display of connection lines in Single Layer mode.Hiding/Displaying Connection LinesAs an alternate to filtering nets via the PCB panel, you can completely hide one, many, or all of the connection lines. There are a number of commands to control the display of connection lines in the View » Connections submenu. You can also access these commands while you are working by pressing the N shortcut key. Use the available commands to: Show or hide all connection lines for the design. Show or hide all connection lines associated with a chosen net. Show or hide the connection lines for all nets associated with a chosen component.All of the available commands have accelerator keys, making it an efficient method of performing such tasks as hiding all connection lines (N, H, A), then displaying the connection lines for a specific net (N, S, N).Net TopologyThe pattern or order that the nodes in the net are connected to each other is called the net topology. Net topology is controlled by the applicable Routing Topology design rule, which defaults to a topology of Shortest. Shortest means the nodes in the net are connected to each other in a pattern that gives the shortest overall connection length for that net. This overall length is monitored as you move a component, and the pattern of the connection lines will change dynamically to keep the overall length shortest. This can be observed in the animation shown above, where the lines connecting downward from the bottom of the moving component jump as the component is being moved - this happens each time one of the connected pads moves closer to another pad in their net.Applying a Pre-defined Topology using the Routing Topology design ruleAdditional Routing Topology design rules can be created to configure a net (or net
